Metaphor Wikipedia. A political cartoon from an 1. Puck magazine by illustrator S. Best Computer Security Software For Windows 7. D. Ehrhart, shows a farm woman labeled Democratic Party sheltering from a tornado of political change. A Journey Through Greek Mythology Revised Edition Facebook' title='A Journey Through Greek Mythology Revised Edition Facebook' />A metaphor is a figure of speech that refers, for rhetorical effect, to one thing by mentioning another thing. It may provide clarity or identify hidden similarities between two ideas. Antithesis, hyperbole, metonymy and simile are all types of metaphor. One of the most commonly cited examples of a metaphor in English literature is the All the worlds a stage monologue from As You Like It Unlike a simile, a metaphor compares two things that are very different. All the worlds a stage,And all the men and women merely players They have their exits and their entrances. William Shakespeare, As You Like It, 273This quotation expresses a metaphor because the world is not literally a stage. By asserting that the world is a stage, Shakespeare uses points of comparison between the world and a stage to convey an understanding about the mechanics of the world and the behavior of the people within it. The Philosophy of Rhetoric 1. I. A. Richards describes a metaphor as having two parts the tenor and the vehicle. The tenor is the subject to which attributes are ascribed. The vehicle is the object whose attributes are borrowed. In the previous example, the world is compared to a stage, describing it with the attributes of the stage the world is the tenor, and a stage is the vehicle men and women is the secondary tenor, and players is the secondary vehicle. Other writers employ the general terms ground and figure to denote the tenor and the vehicle. Cognitive linguistics uses the terms target and source, respectively. EtymologyeditThe English metaphor derived from the 1. Old French word mtaphore, which comes from the Latinmetaphora, carrying over, in turn from the Greek metaphor, transfer,4 from metapher, to carry over, to transfer5 and that from meta, after, with, across6 pher, to bear, to carry. Comparison with other types of analogyeditMetaphors are most frequently compared with similes. A simile is a specific type of metaphor that uses the words like or as in comparing two objects, whereas what is commonly referred to as a metaphor states that A is B or substitutes B for A. What is usually referred to as a metaphor asserts the two objects in the comparison are identical on the point of comparison, a simile merely asserts a similarity. I/51IN-jok-0L._SR600%2C315_PIWhiteStrip%2CBottomLeft%2C0%2C35_PIAmznPrime%2CBottomLeft%2C0%2C-5_PIStarRatingFOURANDHALF%2CBottomLeft%2C360%2C-6_SR600%2C315_ZA(36%20Reviews)%2C445%2C286%2C400%2C400%2Carial%2C12%2C4%2C0%2C0%2C5_SCLZZZZZZZ_.jpg' alt='A Journey Through Greek Mythology Revised Edition Facebook' title='A Journey Through Greek Mythology Revised Edition Facebook' />For this reason a common type metaphor is generally considered more forceful than a simile. The metaphor category also contains these specialised types Allegory An extended metaphor wherein a story illustrates an important attribute of the subject. Antithesis 2 A rhetorical contrast of ideas by means of parallel arrangements of words, clauses, or sentences 9Catachresis A mixed metaphor used by design and accident a rhetorical fault. Hyperbole 2 Excessive exaggeration to illustrate a point 1. Metonymy 2 A figure of speech using the name of one thing in reference to a different thing of which the first is associated. Example in lands belonging to the crown the word crown is metonymy for ruler or monarch. Parable An extended metaphor narrated as an anecdote illustrating and teaching such as in Aesops fables, or Jesus teaching method as told in the Bible. Pun Similar to a metaphor, a pun alludes to another term. However, the main difference is that a pun is a frivolous allusion between two different things whereas a metaphor is a purposeful allusion between two different things. Metaphor, like other types of analogy, can usefully be distinguished from metonymy as one of two fundamental modes of thought. Metaphor and analogy both work by bringing together two concepts from different conceptual domains, whereas metonymy works by using one element from a given domain to refer to another closely related element. Thus, a metaphor creates new links between otherwise distinct conceptual domains, whereas a metonymy relies on the existing links within them. A daily roundup of all the newest free Kindle eBooks in easy to navigate format. You can also sign up for our newsletter if you wish and have a daily email alert with. Web oficial de la Universidad de A Corua. Enlaces a centros, departamentos, servicios, planes de estudios. SubtypeseditA dead metaphor is one in which the sense of a transferred image has become absent. Examples to grasp a concept and to gather what youve understood use physical action as a metaphor for understanding. The audience does not need to visualize the action dead metaphors normally go unnoticed. Some people distinguish between a dead metaphor and a clich. Others use dead metaphor to denote both. A mixed metaphor is one that leaps from one identification to a second identification inconsistent with the first, e. I smell a rat. but Ill nip him in the bud Irish politician Boyle Roche. This form is often used as a parody of metaphor itself If we can hit that bulls eye then the rest of the dominoes will fall like a house of cards. Checkmate. Metaphor in RhetoriceditAristotle said in his work, The Rhetoric, that metaphors make learning pleasant To learn easily is naturally pleasant to all people, and words signify something, so whatever words create knowledge in us are the pleasantest. When discussing The Rhetoric, Jan Garret quoted how Metaphor most brings about learning for when Homer calls old age stubble, he creates understanding and knowledge through the genus, since both old age and stubble are species of the genus of things that have lost their bloom. Metaphors, according to Aristotle, have qualities of the exotic and the fascinating but at the same time we recognize that strangers do not have the same rights as our fellow citizens. Other rhetoricians have asserted the relevance of metaphor when used for a persuasive intent. Sonja Foss characterizes metaphors as being nonliteral comparisons in which a word or phrase from one domain of experience is applied to another domain. Larger applications of metaphoredit. A metaphorical visualization of the word anger. The term metaphor is also used to describe more basic or general aspects of experience and cognition A cognitive metaphor is the association of object to an experience outside the objects environment. A conceptual metaphor is an underlying association that is systematic in both language and thought. A root metaphor is the underlying worldview that shapes an individuals understanding of a situation. A nonlinguistic metaphor is an association between two nonlinguistic realms of experience. A visual metaphor uses an image to create the link between different ideas. Metaphors can also be implied and extended throughout pieces of literature. Conceptual metaphorseditSome theorists have suggested that metaphors are not merely stylistic, but that they are cognitively important as well. In Metaphors We Live By, George Lakoff and Mark Johnson argue that metaphors are pervasive in everyday life, not just in language, but also in thought and action. A common definition of a metaphor can be described as a comparison that shows how two things that are not alike in most ways are similar in another important way. They explain how a metaphor is simply understanding and experiencing one kind of thing in terms of another. The authors call this concept a conduit metaphor. By this they meant that a speaker can put ideas or objects into words or containers, and then send them along a channel, or conduit, to a listener who takes that idea or object out of the container and makes meaning of it. In other words, communication is something that ideas go into. The container is separate from the ideas themselves. Lakoff and Johnson give several examples of daily metaphors we use, such as argument is war and time is money. Metaphors are widely used in context to describe personal meaning. The authors also suggest that communication can be viewed as a machine Communication is not what one does with the machine, but is the machine itself. Johnson, Lakoff, 1.